Skin Cancer: What You Need to Know and How to Stay Safe in the Sun

Introduction

Spending time in the sun can feel great – But too much sun can damage your skin in serious ways.

Skin cancer is one of the most common (and preventable) cancers in the world. One of the most dangerous types is melanoma, which can spread quickly if not caught early – In this article, you’ll learn:

• What causes skin cancer
• What melanoma is
• How your skin protects itself in the heat
• Why tanning and sunbeds are risky
• How to protect yourself and your family

What Causes Skin Cancer?

Most skin cancers happen because of too much exposure to UV (ultraviolet) rays—these come from the sun and tanning beds. UV rays damage the DNA in your skin cells, and over time this can turn into cancer.

Other risk factors include:

• Fair skin (less natural protection)
• A family history of skin cancer
• Getting sunburned a lot, especially as a child
• Using sunbeds
• Not using sun protection

What Is Melanoma?

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer. It starts in the cells that give your skin its colour (melanocytes). Unlike some other skin cancers, melanoma can spread quickly to other parts of the body if not treated early.

Look out for moles that:

• Look uneven or oddly shaped
• Have irregular borders
• Have more than one colour
• Are getting bigger
• Are changing over time

If you notice any of these signs, consult your local GP to be able to start the referral process.

How Your Skin Tries to Protect You

Your skin actually works hard to protect you when it’s hot or sunny. Here’s how:

• Tanning: Your body produces more melanin (the pigment that darkens your skin) to try to block UV rays.
• Sweating: Helps cool you down by releasing heat.
• Red skin: Blood vessels widen to help release heat (this is why you go red in the sun).
• Peeling after sunburn: Your body is getting rid of damaged skin cells.

These are natural defenses, but they’re not strong enough to protect you from repeated or intense sun exposure.

Why Tanning and Sunbeds Are Dangerous

Many people think a tan makes them look healthier – But tanning actually means your skin is damaged. Sunbeds are even worse: They use concentrated UV rays that go deep into the skin.

Regular Tanning or Using Sunbeds

• Increases your risk of all types of skin cancer
• Ages your skin faster (wrinkles, spots, rough texture)
• Weakens your skin’s ability to heal

There’s no such thing as a “safe tan.”

How to Protect Your Skin

The good news is you can enjoy the sun safely. Here are some simple ways to protect yourself:

• Use sunscreen (SPF 50+ recommended): Apply 15–30 minutes before going outside and reapply every 2 hours or after swimming or sweating.
• Stay hydrated: Drink water throughout the day, especially in the heat.
• Cover up: Wear sunglasses, hats, and loose-fitting clothes that cover your skin.
• Avoid the midday sun: UV rays are strongest between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.
• Skip the sunbeds: Use fake tan or spray tans if you want the glow without the risk.
• Check your skin: Look for new or changing moles and see your GP if you’re unsure.

Summary

Skin cancer is serious, but it’s also preventable. With just a few simple habits, you can enjoy the sun while keeping your skin safe:

• Protect your skin every day, even on cloudy days, you can catch the sun while in water, in snowy conditions as well as on cloudy days.
• Teach your children about the importance of sunscreen and sun safety.
• Skip the tanning beds – They aren’t worth the risk.
• Know your skin and check it regularly.

Your skin is your body’s biggest organ—look after it, and it’ll look after you.